The 6df Galaxy Survey data, each dot is a galaxy and Earth is at the centre of the sphere. Created by Chris Fluke, Centre for Astrophysics & Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology.
Florian Beutler, a PhD candidate with ICRAR at the University of Western Australia, has calculated how fast the Universe is growing by measuring the Hubble constant.
“The Hubble constant is a key number in astronomy because it’s used to calculate the size and age of the Universe,” said Mr Beutler.
As the Universe swells, it carries other galaxies away from ours. The Hubble constant links how fast galaxies are moving with how far they are from us.
By analysing light coming from a distant galaxy, the speed and direction of that galaxy can be easily measured. Determining the galaxy’s distance from Earth is much more difficult. Until now, this has been done by observing the brightness of individual objects within the galaxy and using what we know about the object to calculate how far away the galaxy must be.
This approach to measuring a galaxy’s distance from Earth is based on some well-established assumptions but is prone to systematic errors, leading Mr Beutler to tackle the problem using a completely different method.
Published today in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Mr Beutler’s work draws on data from a survey of more than 125,000 galaxies carried out with the UK Schmidt Telescope in eastern Australia. Called the 6dF Galaxy Survey, this is the biggest survey to date of relatively nearby galaxies, covering almost half the sky.
Galaxies are not spread evenly through space, but are clustered. Using a measurement of the clustering of the galaxies surveyed, plus other information derived from observations of the early Universe, Mr Beutler has measured the Hubble constant with an uncertainly of less than 5%.*
“This way of determining the Hubble constant is as direct and precise as other methods, and provides an independent verification of them,” says Professor Matthew Colless, Director of the Australian Astronomical Observatory and one of Mr Beutler’s co-authors. “The new measurement agrees well with previous ones, and provides a strong check on previous work.”
The measurement can be refined even further by using data from larger galaxy surveys.
“Big surveys, like the one used for this work, generate numerous scientific outcomes for astronomers internationally,” says Professor Lister Staveley-Smith, ICRAR’s Deputy Director of Science.
* The new measurement of the Hubble constant is 67.0 ± 3.2 km s-1 Mpc-1
Publication:
Florian Beutler et al. “The 6dF Galaxy Survey: Baryon Acoustic Oscillations and the Local Hubble Constant.” Published in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Journal, 25 July 2011.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2011.19250.x/abstract
(or for download from: http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/1106/1106.3366v1.pdf PDF, 0.5MB)
More information:
Florian Beutler, ICRAR – UWA
Ph: +61 8 6488 7753 M: +61 420 996 916 E: florian.beutler@icrar.org
Professor Matthew Colless, Director, AAO
Ph: +61 2 9372 4812 M: +61 431 898 345 E: colless@aao.gov.au
Professor Lister Staveley-Smith, Deputy Director of Science, ICRAR
Ph: +61 8 6488 4550 Mob: +61 425 212 592 E: lister.staveley-smith@icrar.org
Media contacts:
Kirsten Gottschalk, ICRAR
Ph: +61 8 6488 7771 M: +61 438 361 876 E: kirsten.gottschalk@icrar.org
Helen Sim
Ph: +61 2 9372 7771 M: +61 419 635 905 E: hsim@aao.gov.au